Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and map out various aspects and key elements, which are necessary to strengthen an effective and systematic whistleblowing system (WBS) and ensure adequate protection in accordance with the characteristics typical of Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach – This research emphasizes the extensive use of literature review and previous research that analyze whistleblowing as an issue and ethical challenge in public institutions. This research also reviews documents pertaining to the formulation and implementation of existing WBS. Additionally, this research also analyzes some cases experienced by a number of whistleblower figures in Indonesia as a contribution and recommendation to parties interested in formulating a more effective and systematic WBS. Findings – An effective and systematic WBS, assuring adequate protection, needs a number of key elements which will be identified and mapped out in this research and, subsequently, categorized into several aspects covering human and ethical culture; policy; legal protection; organizational structure; and procedures and process in accordance to Indonesia’s specific characteristics. Practical implications – The paper can be a source to explore anti-corruption policy and the prevention approach of corruption based on Indonesian perspectives. Originality/value – This paper is a significant undertaking aimed at raising public trust in public institutions and providing adequate protection to whistleblowers. It also contributes by encouraging the public organization to prevent corruption and other wrongdoing, which, nowadays, are common in Indonesia.