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Detection of Laryngotracheitis Virus in Poultry Flocks with Respiratory Disorders in Slovenia

dc.contributor.authorOlga Zorman Rojs
dc.contributor.authorAlenka Dovč
dc.contributor.authorUroš Krapež
dc.contributor.authorZoran Žlabravec
dc.contributor.authorJoško Račnik
dc.contributor.authorBrigita Slavec
dc.contributor.otherInstitute of Poultry, Birds, Small Animals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
dc.contributor.otherInstitute of Poultry, Birds, Small Animals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
dc.contributor.otherInstitute of Poultry, Birds, Small Animals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
dc.contributor.otherInstitute of Poultry, Birds, Small Animals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
dc.contributor.otherInstitute of Poultry, Birds, Small Animals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
dc.contributor.otherInstitute of Poultry, Birds, Small Animals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-09T05:26:16Z
dc.date.available2025-10-09T05:26:16Z
dc.date.issued01-04-2021
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/4/707
dc.identifier.urihttp://digilib.fisipol.ugm.ac.id/repo/handle/15717717/41013
dc.description.abstractInfectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract in chickens and other poultry species that causes significant economic losses in countries worldwide. Between 2017 and 2019, seven outbreaks of mild to severe respiratory disorders with high suspicion of ILT occurred in commercial and backyard poultry flocks in Slovenia. In all submissions, infection with ILT virus (ILTV) was confirmed by PCR, which is the first report of ILT in Slovenia. Circulating ILT strains were characterized by the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of two fragments of the ICP4 gene. Four strains—three detected in non-vaccinated flocks and one in a flock vaccinated against ILT—were identical or very similar to the chicken embryo–origin live virus vaccines, and the other three were closely related to Russian, Chinese, Australian, and American field strains and to tissue culture origin vaccine strains. As in other diseases, coinfections with other respiratory pathogens in confirmed ILT cases may cause a more severe condition and prolong the course of the disease. In our study, coinfections with <i>Mycoplasma synoviae</i> (7/7 tested flocks), infectious bronchitis virus (5/5 tested flocks), <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> (4/7 tested flocks), <i>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</i> (3/4 tested flocks), and avian pox virus (1/2 tested flocks) were confirmed, indicating the importance of these pathogens in the occurrence of ILT infections.
dc.language.isoEN
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.subject.lccMicrobiology
dc.titleDetection of Laryngotracheitis Virus in Poultry Flocks with Respiratory Disorders in Slovenia
dc.typeArticle
dc.description.keywordschicken
dc.description.keywordsinfectious laryngotracheitis
dc.description.keywordspartial ICP4 sequencing
dc.description.keywordsmixed respiratory infections
dc.description.doi10.3390/v13040707
dc.title.journalViruses
dc.identifier.e-issn1999-4915
dc.identifier.oaioai:doaj.org/journal:a76ecffbf14c4767ad1d26c4647fb7fc
dc.journal.infoVolume 13, Issue 4


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