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Diagnosis and Management of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs)

dc.contributor.authorFrancesco Maione
dc.contributor.authorAlessia Chini
dc.contributor.authorMarco Milone
dc.contributor.authorNicola Gennarelli
dc.contributor.authorMichele Manigrasso
dc.contributor.authorRosa Maione
dc.contributor.authorGianluca Cassese
dc.contributor.authorGianluca Pagano
dc.contributor.authorFrancesca Paola Tropeano
dc.contributor.authorGaetano Luglio
dc.contributor.authorGiovanni Domenico De Palma
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-26T00:04:09Z
dc.date.available2025-10-02T03:48:33Z
dc.date.issued01-04-2021
dc.identifier.issn-
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/5/771
dc.description.abstractRectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare, with an incidence of 0.17%, but they represent 12% to 27% of all NETs and 20% of gastrointestinal NETs. Although rectal NETs are uncommon tumors, their incidence has increased over the past few years, and this is probably due to the improvement in detection rates made by advanced endoscopic procedures. The biological behavior of rectal NETs may be different: factors predicting the risk of metastases have been identified, such as size and grade of differentiation. The tendency for metastatic diffusion generally depends on the tumor size, muscular and lymphovascular infiltration, and histopathological differentiation. According to the current European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) guidelines, tumors that are smaller than 10 mm and well differentiated are thought to have a low risk of lymphovascular invasion, and they should be completely removed endoscopically. Rectal NETs larger than 20 mm have a higher risk of involvement of muscularis propria and high metastatic risk and are candidates for surgical resection. There is controversy over rectal NETs of intermediate size, 10–19 mm, where the metastatic risk is considered to be 10–15%: assessment of tumors endoscopically and by endoanal ultrasound should guide treatment in these cases towards endoscopic, transanal, or surgical resection.
dc.format-
dc.language.isoEN
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.uri['https://jurnaldinarek.id/index.php/jidr/authorGuidelines', 'https://jurnaldinarek.id/index.php/jidr/FocusandScope', 'https://jurnaldinarek.id/index.php/jidr']
dc.rightsCC BY
dc.subject['electronics', 'instrumentation and control', 'geological engineering', 'civil engineering', 'computing and informatics', 'industrial engineering', 'Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)', 'TA1-2040']
dc.subject.lccMedicine (General)
dc.titleDiagnosis and Management of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs)
dc.typeArticle
dc.description.keywordsrectal neuroendocrine tumor
dc.description.keywordsendoscopic mucosal resection
dc.description.keywordsendoscopic submucosal dissection
dc.description.keywordstransanal endoscopic microsurgery
dc.description.keywordsendoscopy
dc.description.keywordssurgery
dc.description.pages-
dc.description.doi10.3390/diagnostics11050771
dc.title.journalDiagnostics
dc.identifier.e-issn2075-4418
dc.identifier.oaioai:doaj.org/journal:9fcbff77a7d548aaacb1fb99820713b3
dc.journal.infoVolume 11, Issue 5


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