Hydrodynamic Entrance Length for Laminar Flow in Microchannels with Rectangular Cross Section
Abstract
This work presents a detailed numerical investigation on the required development length (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">L</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) in laminar Newtonian fluid flow in microchannels with rectangular cross section and different aspect ratios (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The advent of new microfluidic technologies shifted the practical Reynolds numbers (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) to the range of unitary (and even lower) orders of magnitude, i.e., creeping flow conditions. Therefore, accurate estimations of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="script">L</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are important for microsystem design. At such low Reynolds numbers, in which inertial forces are less dominant than viscous forces, flow characteristics become necessarily different from those at the macroscale where <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is typically much larger. A judicious choice of mesh refinement and adequate numerical methods allowed obtaining accurate results and a general correlation for estimating <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="script">L</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, valid in the ranges <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>2000</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>R</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, thus covering applications in both macro and microfluidics.
Date
01-07-2021Author
Germán Ferreira
Artur Sucena
Luís L. Ferrás
Fernando T. Pinho
Alexandre M. Afonso
