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Normative data for the Vietnamese smell identification test

dc.contributor.authorTai Ngoc Tran
dc.contributor.authorThuong Huyen Thi Dang
dc.contributor.authorTruc Thanh Thai
dc.contributor.authorUyen Le Ngoc Ha
dc.contributor.authorHien Thi Le
dc.contributor.authorThuy Thu Thi Nguyen
dc.contributor.authorHai Thi Nguyen
dc.contributor.authorAnh Ngoc Thi Nguyen
dc.contributor.authorKhang Chung Ngoc Vo
dc.contributor.authorThanh Vinh Nguyen
dc.contributor.authorThanh van Nguyen
dc.contributor.authorQuang Xuan Ly
dc.contributor.authorKhang Vinh Nguyen
dc.contributor.authorDaniel Truong
dc.contributor.otherMovement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherMovement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherMovement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherMovement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherMovement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherMovement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherMovement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherMovement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherMovement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherENT Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherENT Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherMovement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
dc.contributor.otherThe Parkinson and Movement Disorder Institute, Fountain Valley, CA 92708, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; Corresponding author at: The Parkinson and Movement Disorder Institute, Fountain Valley, CA 92708, USA.
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-19T04:22:40Z
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-08T08:50:41Z
dc.date.available2025-10-08T08:50:41Z
dc.date.issued01-01-2023
dc.identifier.urihttp://digilib.fisipol.ugm.ac.id/repo/handle/15717717/37605
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: The 12-item Vietnamese smell identification test (VSIT) has been developed to evaluate the olfactory function of the Vietnamese population. This study aimed to investigate the normative value of the VSIT in different age groups and sexes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ho Chi Minh University Medical Center, Vietnam. All participants were evaluated for odor identification ability using the VSIT. We included healthy participants aged 18 years or older with no history of olfactory disturbances. Results: A total of 391 healthy volunteers were recruited with a mean age of 45.80 years (SD: 17.62; range: 18–86; female: 63.4 %). The tenth percentile of scores on the 0–12 VSIT scale was 8.3 in participants aged 18–29 years, 9.0 in 30–39 years, 8.0 in 40–49 years, 7.8 in 50–59 years, 7.9 in 60–69 years and 6.0 in over 70 years. Young adults (18–39 years old) had better olfactory identification ability than older adults (over 50 years), p < 0.001. There was a significant main effect of sex on VSIT score (p = 0.02), suggesting that females outperformed males. Sensitivity to 8 odors were negatively correlated with age: lemon, garlic, banana, coffee, mango, guava, apple and watermelon (p < 0.05 in all cases) whereas four odors were age-independent including orange, fish sauce, soy sauce, and fish. Conclusion: Normative data provide guidance for assessing individual olfactory function. However, there were significant sex and age effects on olfactory identification scores on the VSIT. Therefore, future studies should be conducted to better adjust for those confounders mentioned above.
dc.language.isoEN
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.subject.lccNeurology. Diseases of the nervous system
dc.titleNormative data for the Vietnamese smell identification test
dc.typeArticle
dc.description.keywordsSmell identification test
dc.description.keywordsNormative data
dc.description.keywordsOlfaction
dc.description.keywordsHyposmia
dc.description.doi10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100222
dc.title.journalClinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
dc.identifier.e-issn2590-1125
dc.identifier.oaioai:doaj.org/journal:41bb4f058f1d427cb73cbdaf5293e7bb


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