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A Novel Model for the MeV Emission Line in GRB 221009A

dc.contributor.authorYu-Jia Wei
dc.contributor.authorJia Ren
dc.contributor.authorHao-Ning He
dc.contributor.authorYuan-Pei Yang
dc.contributor.authorDa-Ming Wei
dc.contributor.authorZi-Gao Dai
dc.contributor.authorB. Theodore Zhang
dc.contributor.otherKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210034, People's Republic of China ; dmwei@pmo.ac.cn, yjwei@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China ; jia@smail.nju.edu.cn
dc.contributor.otherKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210034, People's Republic of China ; dmwei@pmo.ac.cn, yjwei@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherSouth-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University , Kunming 650504, People's Republic of China; Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210034, People's Republic of China ; dmwei@pmo.ac.cn, yjwei@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China ; daizg@ustc.edu.cn
dc.contributor.otherCenter for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-04T14:46:07Z
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-08T08:53:35Z
dc.date.available2025-10-08T08:53:35Z
dc.date.issued01-01-2024
dc.identifier.urihttp://digilib.fisipol.ugm.ac.id/repo/handle/15717717/37970
dc.description.abstractGamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been considered potential sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs; with energy ≳10 ^18 eV). In this work, we propose a novel model generating MeV emission lines in GRBs, which can constrain the properties of heavy nuclei that potentially exist in GRB jets. Specifically, we find that relativistic hydrogen-like high-atomic-number ions originating from the β decay of unstable nuclei and/or the recombination entrained in the GRB jet can generate narrow MeV emission lines through the de-excitation of excited electrons. This model can successfully explain the MeV emission line observed in the most luminous GRB ever recorded, GRB 221009A, with suitable parameters including a Lorentz factor γ ∼ 820–1700 and a total mass of heavy nuclei M _tot ∼ 10 ^23 –10 ^26 g. Especially, the emission line broadening can be reasonably attributed to both the expansion of the jet shell and the thermal motion of nuclei, naturally resulting in a narrow width ( σ _line / E _line ≲ 0.2) consistent with the observation. Furthermore, we predict that different GRBs can exhibit lines in different bands with various evolving behaviors, which might be confirmed with further observations. Finally, our model provides indirect evidence that GRBs may be one of the sources of UHECRs.
dc.language.isoEN
dc.publisherIOP Publishing
dc.subject.lccAstrophysics
dc.titleA Novel Model for the MeV Emission Line in GRB 221009A
dc.typeArticle
dc.description.keywordsGamma-ray bursts
dc.description.keywordsGamma-ray lines
dc.description.keywordsParticle astrophysics
dc.description.keywordsCosmic ray sources
dc.description.keywordsHigh-energy cosmic radiation
dc.description.doi10.3847/2041-8213/ad4ce1
dc.title.journalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters
dc.identifier.oaioai:doaj.org/journal:8046a8ad129449c888deccbfc9824163
dc.journal.infoVolume 968, Issue 1


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