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A Systematic Review on Smart Insole Prototypes: Development and Optimization Pathways

dc.contributor.authorVítor Miguel Santos
dc.contributor.authorBeatriz B. Gomes
dc.contributor.authorMaria Augusta Neto
dc.contributor.authorPatrícia Freitas Rodrigues
dc.contributor.authorAna Martins Amaro
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Coimbra, Centre of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE-ARISE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Coimbra, Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education (FCDEF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Coimbra, Centre of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE-ARISE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Coimbra, Centre of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE-ARISE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Coimbra, Centre of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE-ARISE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-27T13:59:07Z
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-08T09:00:00Z
dc.date.available2025-10-08T09:00:00Z
dc.date.issued01-08-2025
dc.identifier.urihttp://digilib.fisipol.ugm.ac.id/repo/handle/15717717/38526
dc.description.abstractThis review synthesizes research on smart insole prototypes and their designs, focusing on those incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and a wireless communication/transmission system. The main objective of this work is to summarize existing studies, identify key trends, evaluate the performance of these innovative biomechanical tools, and recognize the factors that could lead to optimization. This comprehensive analysis includes studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and other investigations on the critical themes to consider. It follows strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, ensuring the quality and accuracy of the overview. The findings emphasize significant progress in smart insoles, particularly in AI-enhanced prototypes, while addressing existing challenges and problems. This review helps guide potential future research and define practical application directions. The growing importance of biomechanics, especially on smart insoles, underscores the considerable potential of these innovations to monitor and improve human movement in both clinical and non-clinical settings, promising a future of more effective and personalized health and performance interventions. This protocol was registered with the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (INPLASY) on 6 February 2025 and was last updated on 6 February 2025.
dc.language.isoEN
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.subject.lccMaterials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
dc.titleA Systematic Review on Smart Insole Prototypes: Development and Optimization Pathways
dc.typeArticle
dc.description.keywordssmart insole
dc.description.keywordsbiomechanics
dc.description.keywordsartificial intelligence
dc.description.keywordsmachine learning
dc.description.keywordsdesign
dc.description.keywordsprototype
dc.description.doi10.3390/act14080408
dc.title.journalActuators
dc.identifier.e-issn2076-0825
dc.identifier.oaioai:doaj.org/journal:28d51cc2024940acb07b62d6dc01a119
dc.journal.infoVolume 14, Issue 8


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