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The ALMA-QUARKS Survey: Detection of Two Extremely Dense Substructures in a Massive Prestellar Core

dc.contributor.authorXiaofeng Mai
dc.contributor.authorTie Liu
dc.contributor.authorXunchuan Liu
dc.contributor.authorLei Zhu
dc.contributor.authorGuido Garay
dc.contributor.authorPaul F. Goldsmith
dc.contributor.authorMika Juvela
dc.contributor.authorHongli Liu
dc.contributor.authorEmma Mannfors
dc.contributor.authorAnandmayee Tej
dc.contributor.authorPatricio Sanhueza
dc.contributor.authorShanghuo Li
dc.contributor.authorFengwei Xu
dc.contributor.authorEnrique Vazquez Semadeni
dc.contributor.authorWenyu Jiao
dc.contributor.authorYaping Peng
dc.contributor.authorT. Baug
dc.contributor.authorAiyuan Yang
dc.contributor.authorLokesh Dewangan
dc.contributor.authorLeonardo Bronfman
dc.contributor.authorGilberto C. Gómez
dc.contributor.authorAina Palau
dc.contributor.authorChang Won Lee
dc.contributor.authorSheng-Li Qin
dc.contributor.authorKen’ichi Tatematsu
dc.contributor.authorJames O. Chibueze
dc.contributor.authorDongting Yang
dc.contributor.authorXing Lu
dc.contributor.authorQiuyi Luo
dc.contributor.authorQilao Gu
dc.contributor.authorNamitha Issac
dc.contributor.authorSuinan Zhang
dc.contributor.authorPak-Shing Li
dc.contributor.authorBo Zhang
dc.contributor.authorL. Viktor Tóth
dc.contributor.otherShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China ; maixf@shao.ac.cn, liutie@shao.ac.cn, zb@shao.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China ; maixf@shao.ac.cn, liutie@shao.ac.cn, zb@shao.ac.cn
dc.contributor.otherShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China ; maixf@shao.ac.cn, liutie@shao.ac.cn, zb@shao.ac.cn
dc.contributor.otherChinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherDepartamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Las Condes, 7591245 Santiago, Chile
dc.contributor.otherJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Physics, P.O. box 64, FI- 00014, University of Helsinki , Finland
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Astronomy, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Physics, P.O. box 64, FI- 00014, University of Helsinki , Finland
dc.contributor.otherIndian Institute of Space Science and Technology , Thiruvananthapuram 695 547, India
dc.contributor.otherNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Astronomical Science Program, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
dc.contributor.otherMax Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
dc.contributor.otherKavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherInstituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Ex-Hda. San José de la Huerta, 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
dc.contributor.otherMax Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherS.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
dc.contributor.otherNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherPhysical Research Laboratory , Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, India
dc.contributor.otherDepartamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Las Condes, 7591245 Santiago, Chile
dc.contributor.otherInstituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Ex-Hda. San José de la Huerta, 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
dc.contributor.otherInstituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Ex-Hda. San José de la Huerta, 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
dc.contributor.otherKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Korea (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Astronomy, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherAstronomical Science Program, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Nobeyama Radio Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 462-2 Nobeyama, Minamimaki, Minamisaku, Nagano 384-1305, Japan
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, University of South Africa , Cnr Christian de Wet Rd and Pioneer Avenue, Florida Park, 1709, Roodepoort, South Africa; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria , Carver Building, 1 University Road, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
dc.contributor.otherDepartment of Astronomy, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China ; maixf@shao.ac.cn, liutie@shao.ac.cn, zb@shao.ac.cn
dc.contributor.otherShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China ; maixf@shao.ac.cn, liutie@shao.ac.cn, zb@shao.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
dc.contributor.otherShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China ; maixf@shao.ac.cn, liutie@shao.ac.cn, zb@shao.ac.cn
dc.contributor.otherShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China ; maixf@shao.ac.cn, liutie@shao.ac.cn, zb@shao.ac.cn
dc.contributor.otherShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China ; maixf@shao.ac.cn, liutie@shao.ac.cn, zb@shao.ac.cn
dc.contributor.otherShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China ; maixf@shao.ac.cn, liutie@shao.ac.cn, zb@shao.ac.cn
dc.contributor.otherShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China ; maixf@shao.ac.cn, liutie@shao.ac.cn, zb@shao.ac.cn
dc.contributor.otherInstitute of Physics and Astronomy, Eötvös Lorànd University , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-24T17:31:14Z
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-08T09:26:59Z
dc.date.available2025-10-08T09:26:59Z
dc.date.issued01-01-2024
dc.identifier.urihttp://digilib.fisipol.ugm.ac.id/repo/handle/15717717/40417
dc.description.abstractOnly a handful of massive starless core candidates have been discovered so far, but none of them have been fully confirmed. Within the MM1 clump in the filamentary infrared dark cloud G34.43+0.24 that was covered by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) ATOMS survey at Band 3 (∼2″, 6000 au) and the ALMA-QUARKS survey at Band 6 (∼0.″3, 900 au), two prestellar core candidates MM1-C and E1 with masses of 71 and 20 M _⊙ and radii of 2100–4400 au were discovered. The two cores show no obvious sign of star formation activities. In particular, MM1-C is a very promising massive prestellar core candidate with a total gas mass of 71 M _⊙ . Within MM1-C, we detected two extremely dense substructures, C1 and C2, as characterized by their high densities of ${n}_{{{\rm{H}}}_{2}}\sim {10}^{8\mbox{--}9}\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-3}$ . Moreover, evidence of further fragmentation in C2 was also revealed. We have detected the primordial fragmentation in the earliest stage of massive star formation, and we speculate that MM1-C would be the birthplace of a massive multiple system. However, we cannot fully rule out the possibility that the massive prestellar core MM1-C will just form a cluster of low-mass stars if it undergoes further fragmentation.
dc.language.isoEN
dc.publisherIOP Publishing
dc.subject.lccAstrophysics
dc.titleThe ALMA-QUARKS Survey: Detection of Two Extremely Dense Substructures in a Massive Prestellar Core
dc.typeArticle
dc.description.keywordsStar formation
dc.description.keywordsStar forming regions
dc.description.keywordsDark interstellar clouds
dc.description.keywordsInterstellar medium
dc.description.doi10.3847/2041-8213/ad19c3
dc.title.journalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters
dc.identifier.oaioai:doaj.org/journal:a6dc87487ce242908bb19ed1ca15b39f
dc.journal.infoVolume 961, Issue 2


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