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Performance Assessment of District Energy Systems with Common Elements for Heating and Cooling

dc.contributor.authorAleksandar Ivančić
dc.contributor.authorJoaquim Romaní
dc.contributor.authorJaume Salom
dc.contributor.authorMaria-Victoria Cambronero
dc.contributor.otherThermal Energy and Building Performance Group, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Spain
dc.contributor.otherThermal Energy and Building Performance Group, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Spain
dc.contributor.otherThermal Energy and Building Performance Group, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Spain
dc.contributor.otherACCIONA, Anabel Segura 11, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-09T05:29:19Z
dc.date.available2025-10-09T05:29:19Z
dc.date.issued01-04-2021
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2334
dc.identifier.urihttp://digilib.fisipol.ugm.ac.id/repo/handle/15717717/41077
dc.description.abstractDistrict energy systems, especially those integrating renewables or low exergy sources, have multiple elements for generating heating and cooling. Some of these elements might be used for both purposes: heating and cooling, either simultaneously or alternatively. This makes it more complex to separate the assessment and have a clear picture on performance of cooling service on one side, and heating services on the other, in terms of energy, environmental, and economic results. However, a correct comparison between different district energy configurations or among district energy and conventional solutions requires split assessment of each service. The paper presents a methodology for calculating different district heating and cooling system key performance indicators (KPIs), distinguishing between heating and cooling ones. A total of eleven indicators are organized under four categories: energy, environment, economy and socio-economy. Each KPI is defined for heating service and for cooling service. According to this, the methodology proposes a demand-based and an investment-based share factors that facilitate the heating and cooling KPI calculation.
dc.language.isoEN
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.subject.lccTechnology
dc.titlePerformance Assessment of District Energy Systems with Common Elements for Heating and Cooling
dc.typeArticle
dc.description.keywordsdistrict heating
dc.description.keywordsdistrict cooling
dc.description.keywordsrenewable energy
dc.description.keywordskey performance indicator
dc.description.keywordsbenchmarking
dc.description.doi10.3390/en14082334
dc.title.journalEnergies
dc.identifier.e-issn1996-1073
dc.identifier.oaioai:doaj.org/journal:ebb56995fde842c7a9f4e7027e5bc16c
dc.journal.infoVolume 14, Issue 8


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