The article details on known and less known information about the human brain, growndbreaking discoveries across the history in terms of the structure of the human brain, cutting-edge noninvasive and invasive research techniques used in cognitive neuroscience studies, which aim to identify the neural bases of cognitive processes. The article also gives account of the role played by the most renown patient in neuroscience for understanding brain functioning. In addition, the study emphasizes meaningful inputs from cognitive neuroscience research with the purpose of improving economic decision-making during day-to-day economic activities.